If you’re on social media, then you’ve likely seen numerous discussions or links to videos about amplifier power ratings. If your goal is an audio system that only plays loudly, then the wattage measurements matter. It seems that many consumers are confused about the correlation between power ratings and quality. Let’s look at why car audio amplifier power ratings and their accuracy are entirely unrelated to one another.

High-Power Amplifiers Can be Noisy

Whether measured accurately using purely resistive loads and an oscilloscope or with an application-specific solution such as the D’Amore Engineering AMM-1 and AD-1, determining the amount of power that an amplifier can produce is a hot topic in all aspects of the car audio community. For an amplifier to produce a lot of power, it needs a power supply that can dramatically increase the 12-14V provided by the vehicle’s electrical system. This same power supply needs to be able to pass large amounts of current to power low-impedance speakers.

Within an amplifier, the process of increasing voltage involves pulsing the battery voltage at high frequencies into a transformer. The output of the transformer is then rectified (smoothed) to something that can be used to feed the transistors or MOSFETS that drive the speakers. As simple as it seems, the process can produce a lot of electrical noise that can interfere with radio reception and the functionality of tire pressure monitoring systems and keyless entry systems.

High-quality amplifiers are designed in a way that allows them to produce power while minimizing electrical interference. While it’s possible to have both power and the absence of noise, it can be very complicated and expensive to realize. One way to tell whether the amp you’re looking at was designed thoughtfully is its signal-to-noise ratio specification.

A Discussion of Amplifier Distortion

Distortion is, in short, the addition of unwanted information to an audio signal. When it comes to amplifiers, harmonic and intermodulation distortion are problems. The higher the distortion measurement, the more unwanted audio information is present in the output. Distortion reduces the accuracy and clarity of the performance.

Many car audio enthusiasts are under the misconception that it’s impossible to hear distortion from a subwoofer. That couldn’t be further from the truth. It might be more difficult than with midrange speakers, but when it comes to reproducing music with accuracy, less distortion is always better.

Most companies don’t understand that providing a spec of <1% does nothing to explain the performance of their amplifier. Proper distortion measurements are related to output level and should be provided as per the chart below.

Do You Really Need All That Power?

If you’re having your local specialty mobile enhancement retailer install a subwoofer system in your vehicle, you need to determine how loudly you want the system to play. For a daily driver, a pair of 12-inch subwoofers in a vented enclosure, connected to a 1,500-watt amplifier, can produce more than 145 decibels of output. Assuming the subwoofers can handle it, you’d need to more than double the power from the amp to increase the system’s output to 148 dB. It’s likely that the woofers can’t handle the extra power. So, do you need a 5,000-watt amp? If you are running four competition-level subwoofers and compete with friends to see who has the loudest stereo system, sure! To listen to your favorite music, and not risk damaging your hearing, you don’t need silly amounts of power.

Big Power Means Big Electrical Systems

It takes power to make power. If you are driving a mid-2000s Honda Civic or Ford Focus with a stock battery and alternator, you simply don’t have enough electrical system to drive an amplifier capable of producing more than 2,500 watts of power. You’ll need to upgrade the alternator and add several additional batteries in order to provide the 100+ amps of current needed for every 1,000 watts of power.

Amplifier Power Ratings Aren’t All That Matters

When it’s time to upgrade the audio system in your car or truck, visit your local specialty mobile enhancement retailer and talk with them about your goals and expectations for your audio system. While there, ask to hear their demo vehicles (if available). These will give you a good sense of how many subwoofers and how much power you’ll need. Finally, take care to look at the real specifications that matter when choosing an amplifier. The realism of your listening experience depends on your choices.

This article is written and produced by the team at www.BestCarAudio.com. Reproduction or use of any kind is prohibited without the express written permission of 1sixty8 media.

Specialty mobile enhancement installation technicians couldn’t upgrade the audio systems in our cars and trucks if they didn’t have access to high-quality, correctly sized wiring. Whether they are connecting a pair of speakers to a radio or running large power and ground wires from a battery to an amplifier, wiring and its size is crucial. There are a lot of myths and misunderstandings when it comes to wiring. Let’s break down a few and look at the truth.

For this article, we are going to talk exclusively about all-copper conductors. The alternative to copper is copper-clad aluminum (CCA). Aluminum adds unwanted resistance and reduces the power delivery efficiency of our audio systems. Pound for pound, aluminum is 61% as conductive as copper. One of the most significant issues with CCA amp kits is that it’s impossible to determine the ratio of copper to aluminum. In most cases, the size of the wire does not meet the American Wire Gauge standard.

Myth #1: If it’s not CCA, it’s OFC.

As with any industry, people like to throw buzzwords around. One that gets sprinkled around liberally is the acronym OFC, which stands for oxygen-free copper. Oxygen is a critical component in the smelting of copper. Oxygen is injected into the molten mixture that helps extract impurities that would degrade the resulting product.

High-conductivity copper does exist. Compared to the International Annealed Copper Standard (created in 1913), many modern, low-impurity coppers can achieve conductivity that reaches 101%. The standard, for those who are interested, is 0.15292 ohm for a copper mass of 1 gram with a uniform cross-section and a length of 1 meter.

Specifically, stating that a copper conductor is oxygen-free doesn’t mean that it’s pure or offers exceptional electrical conductance. In most instances, OFC car audio wiring is simply an alternative to copper-clad aluminum solutions. Much of it is made from recycled copper and contains other metals like tin.

Interestingly, the CEA-2015 standard for car audio conductors specifies a maximum resistance of only 93.15% of the IACS standard.

Myth #2: Your Small Speakers Need Big Wire

Initially established in 1857, the American Wire Gauge standard was created to identify the size of solid electrical conductors and, consequently, their ability to pass current without significant voltage loss. The gauge system is based on the number of draws of a conductor through a die, with more draws (higher gauge number) resulting in a smaller-diameter wire. The standard for standard wires is different than for that of solid wire.

As we discussed in our article about speaker power handling, most midrange speakers and tweeters receive only a few watts of power, even at high volume levels. If we use the example of a tweeter and make the assumption we are going to drive it incredibly hard with, say, 10 watts of power, we only need to deliver 1.5 amps of current during the highest peaks in our music.

Since all conductors add resistance to a circuit, they should be sized to provide an acceptable amount of signal loss for a given distance. The CTA-2015 Mobile Electronics Cabling Standard notes that a 20-AWG cable with a length of 21 feet will deliver 80 watts of power with less than a 1 dB drop in output. This does take into account the total length of both conductors in a cable.

Myth #3: Amp Kits Should Have Power Ratings

Decades ago, Phoenix Gold (and many other companies) published charts that outlined power wire sizes based on amplifier power ratings. As a general rule of thumb, these were helpful. However, without specifics about allowable voltage losses between the battery and alternator, and the amplifier, the numbers are somewhat meaningless.

We’ll look at a brand-name amplifier installation kit that includes what they describe as full-AWG spec 4-gauge pure copper power wire in a length of 18 feet. The kit is rated for 175 amps of current and is said to be compatible with a 1750-watt amplifier.

Assuming it complies with the CTA-2015 standard, the power wire will have a maximum resistance of 28.346 milliohms per foot, for a total of 5.102 milliohms for the length of the cable. If we pass 175 amps of current through that cable, we get a voltage drop of 0.89 volt.

The CTA spec for acceptable voltage drop is 0.25 volt. As such, a high-quality 4-AWG power kit would have a maximum power rating of about 50 amps for an 18-foot length. Keep in mind, this only takes into consideration the positive conductor. Your ground cable and the resistance of the vehicle chassis also need to be taken into account. In short, you are likely running too small of a power cable.

Get the Right Size Wire for Your Car Audio System

When it comes to power delivery to your amplifiers, bigger cables are always better. When it comes to running speaker wire to your mids and tweeters, you don’t need 12-AWG. If you are planning on having your car stereo upgraded, visit your local specialty mobile enhancement retailer and ask them about the size of power and speaker wires they will be using in your installation.

This article is written and produced by the team at www.BestCarAudio.com. Reproduction or use of any kind is prohibited without the express written permission of 1sixty8 media.

If you’ve purchased a car or truck in the last five to 10 years, there’s a good chance that the stereo system is integrated with the climate control and vehicle configuration system. Without an interface to extract a high-quality pre-amp audio signal, upgrading these vehicles with new speakers, amplifiers or a subwoofer can be difficult and unpredictable. Companies like Nav-TV, iDatalink, PAC Audio and mObridge offer dedicated, high-quality solutions that will let your specialty mobile enhancement retailer install a premium audio upgrade that will sound amazing.

Audio Data Networks

Vehicle manufacturers are always looking for ways to reduce weight in new cars. If they can save the weight of a single wire that runs from the dash to the trunk, they’ll do it. Technologies like the Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) and Automotive Audio Bus (A2B) are digital communication protocols that allow multiple audio channels to be transmitted over a pair of wires. These networks not only reduce wiring needs but are impervious to noise interference. As such, conventional twisted-pair wiring is often adequate.

Another popular option for signal transfer is to transmit a fixed-level stereo audio signal from the source unit to the amp. The pre-amp inside the amplifier is controlled by network commands that tell it when to adjust the output volume. These commands are sent from the controllers in the front of the vehicle to the amplifier over the CAN data bus.

The problem with these systems in terms of upgrading your stereo is that you can’t just tap into the wires to extract an audio signal that will connect to an aftermarket amplifier.

Connecting Amplifiers to Factory Stereos

For decades, audio system upgrades have been executed using speaker-level to pre-amp adapters. These solutions work great when the audio signal coming out of the amplifier has been tested to confirm frequency response, level and bandwidth. Given the complexity of modern source units and amplifiers, making the assumption that the signal is usable can quickly lead to poor audio system performance.

Car audio pre-amp interfaces install in place of a factory-installed amplifier. These interfaces provide six or more analog pre-amp audio outputs, just like you’d see on the back of an aftermarket radio. The audio signals contain all the audio information from the lowest bass signals to the highest of highs. There’s no equalization, no all-pass or phase-EQ filters or time alignment, ensuring that your dealer can design and install a system that will sound great.

Pre-amp Interfaces Eliminate Noise Cancellation Issues

Using a pre-amp interface also eliminates issues with active noise cancellation (ANC) that can wreak havoc with subwoofer upgrades. Noise cancellation systems use microphones to analyze the sound in the vehicle, then produce sounds through the factory speakers that cancel unwanted noises. These ANC systems are calibrated to the exact microphone locations and the output of the factory speakers. Something as simple as adding sound deadening to a door can adversely affect the response of these features. Of course, new speakers, a more powerful amplifier or the addition of a subwoofer make an even bigger mess. Using a high-quality pre-amp interface eliminates the ANC system, allowing audio upgrades to function reliably.

If you are concerned about a small increase in noise, adding high-quality sound deadening to the doors, floor and firewall can make a massive difference in the comfort of the vehicle.

Ensure that Your Audio System Is Upgraded Reliably

As the features and performance of factory-installed audio systems increase, car audio upgrades are more complicated than ever. You can enjoy an impressive improvement in output level, sound quality and detail from even a simple upgrade, as long as the system is designed properly. Drop by your local specialty mobile enhancement retailer today to find out what they can do to make your car stereo sound amazing.

This article is written and produced by the team at www.BestCarAudio.com. Reproduction or use of any kind is prohibited without the express written permission of 1sixty8 media.